This file contains a summary of important user-visible changes.
Changes
- API: Previously, it was not possible to share Sort, Term, Op, Grammar and datatype objects between Solver instances. This is now allowed.
New Features
- Support for cross-compiling an ARM binary of cvc5 on x86 macOS.
Changes
- Removed support for non-standard
declare-funs,declare-consts, anddeclare-sortscommands. - The kind for integer constants is now
CONST_INTEGER, while real constants continue to have kindCONST_RATIONAL. - Type rules for (dis)equality and if-then-else no longer allow mixing
integers and reals. Type rules for other operators like
APPLY_UFnow require their arguments to match the type of the function being applied, and do not assume integer/real subtyping. - The API method
mkTupleno longer supports casting integers to reals when constructing tuples.
New Features
- Support for declaring oracle functions in the API via the method
declareOracleFun. This allows users to declare functions whose semantics are associated with a provided executable implementation.
Website: https://cvc5.github.io
Documentation: https://cvc5.github.io/docs
System Description
- cvc5: A Versatile and Industrial-Strength SMT Solver.
Barbosa H., Barrett C., Brain M., Kremer G., Lachnitt H., Mann M., Mohamed A., Mohamed M., Niemetz A., Nötzli A., Ozdemir A., Preiner M., Reynolds A., Sheng Y., Tinelli C., and Zohar Y., TACAS 2022.
New Features
-
Streamlined C++ API
- Documentation: https://cvc5.github.io/docs/latest/api/cpp/cpp.html
-
Two new Python language bindings
- Base module: Feature complete with C++ API
- Pythonic module: A pythonic wrapper around the base module
- Documentation: https://cvc5.github.io/docs/latest/api/python/python.html
-
New Java language bindings
- Documentation: https://cvc5.github.io/docs/latest/api/java/java.html
-
Theory of Bags (Multisets)
- A new theory of bags, which are collections that allow duplicates. It supports basic operators like union disjoint, union max, intersection, difference subtract, difference remove, duplicate removal, and multiplicity of an element in a bag.
-
Theory of Sequences
- A new parametric theory of sequences whose syntax is compatible with the syntax for sequences used by Z3.
- A new array-inspired procedure (option
--seq-array).
-
Arithmetic
- Nonlinear real arithmetic is now solved using a new solver based on
cylindrical algebraic coverings. Includes full support for non-rational
models and a number of options
--nl-cov-*for, e.g., different projection operators, Lazard's lifting or variable elimination. The new solver requires the libpoly library, and Lazard's lifting additionally requires CoCoALib.
- Nonlinear real arithmetic is now solved using a new solver based on
cylindrical algebraic coverings. Includes full support for non-rational
models and a number of options
-
Arrays
- Added support for an
eqrangepredicate.(eqrange a b i j)is true if arraysaandbare equal on all indices within indicesiandj.
- Added support for an
-
Bit-vectors
- New bit-vector solver with CaDiCaL as default SAT back-end.
- New approach for solving bit-vectors as integers (option
--solve-bv-as-int).
-
Datatypes
- Support for generic datatype updaters
((_ update s) t u)which replaces the field specified by selectorsoftby the valueu.
- Support for generic datatype updaters
-
Integers
- Support for an integer operator
(_ iand n)that returns the bitwiseandof two integers, seen as integers modulo n. - Support for an integer operator
int.pow2, used as(int.pow2 x)which represents 2 to the power of x.
- Support for an integer operator
-
Quantifiers
- Improved support for enumerative instantiation (option
--enum-inst). - SyGuS-based quantifier instantiation (option
--sygus-inst).
- Improved support for enumerative instantiation (option
-
Strings
- Improved performance using new techniques, including model-based reductions, eager context-dependent simplification, and equality-based conflict finding.
- Support for
str.indexof_re(s, r, n), which returns the index of the first occurrence of a regular expressionrin a stringsafter indexnor -1 ifrdoes not match a substring aftern.
-
Proofs
- Documentation available at: https://cvc5.github.io/docs/latest/proofs/proofs.html
- When used after an unsatisfiable response to
checkSat,getProofreturns a representation of the refutation proof for the current set of assertions (get-proof in SMT-LIB). - Preliminary support for translations to external proof formats LFSC and Alethe.
-
Difficulty Estimation
- The API method
getDifficultyreturns a map from asserted formulas to integers which estimates how much that formula contributed to the difficulty of the overall problem (get-difficulty in SMT-LIB).
- The API method
-
Learned Literals
- The API method
getLearnedLiteralsgets a list of literals that are entailed by the current set of assertions that were learned during solving (get-learned-literals in SMT-LIB).
- The API method
-
Abduction and Interpolation
- The API method
getAbductcan be used to find an abduct for the current set of assertions and provided goal (get-abduct in SMT-LIB). Optionally, a SyGuS grammar can be provided to restrict the shape of possible abducts. If using the text inferace, the grammar may be provided using the same syntax for grammars as in SyGuS IF format. - The API method
getInterpolantcan be used to find an interpolant for the current set of assertions and provided goal (get-interpolant in SMT-LIB). Like abduction, grammars may be provided to restrict the shape of interpolants.
- The API method
-
Support for Incremental Synthesis Queries
- The core SyGuS solver now supports getting multiple solutions for a
synthesis conjecture via the API. The method
checkSynthNextfinds the next SyGuS solution to the current set of SyGuS constraints (check-synth-next in SyGuS IF). getAbductNextfinds the next abduct for the current set of assertions and provided goal (get-abduct-next in SMT-LIB).getInterpolantNextfinds the next interpolant for the current set of assertions and provided goal (get-interpolant-next in SMT-LIB).
- The core SyGuS solver now supports getting multiple solutions for a
synthesis conjecture via the API. The method
-
Pool-based Quantifier Instantiation
- The API method
declarePooldeclares symbol sets of terms called pools (declare-poolin SMT-LIB). - Pools can be used in annotations of quantified formulas for fine grained control over quantifier instantiations (:inst-pool, :inst-add-to-pool, :skolem-add-to-pool in SMT-LIB).
- The API method
-
Diagnostic Outputs
- The option
-o TAGcan be used to enable a class of useful diagnostic information, such as the state of the input formula before and after pre-preprocessing, quantifier instantiations, literals learned during solving, among others. For SyGuS problems, it can be used to show candidate solutions and grammars that the solver has generated.
- The option
-
Unsat cores
- Production modes based on the new proof infrastructure
(
--unsat-cores-mode=sat-proof) and on the solving-under-assumption feature of Minisat (--unsat-cores-mode=assumptions). The mode based on SAT assumptions + preprocessing proofs is the new default. - Computing minimal unsat cores (option
--minimal-unsat-cores).
- Production modes based on the new proof infrastructure
(
-
Blocking Models
- The API method
blockModelscan be used to block the current model using various policies for how to exclude the values of terms (block-modelin SMT-LIB). - The API method
blockModelValuescan be used to block the current model for a provided set of terms (block-model-valuesin SMT-LIB).
- The API method
-
Model Cores
- The API method
isModelCoreSymbolcan be used to query whether the value for a symbol was critical to whether the model satisfies the current set of assertions. - Models can be limited to show only model core symbols (option
--model-cores).
- The API method
Changes
- CaDiCaL and SymFPU are now required dependencies. CaDiCaL 1.4.1 is now the version used by default.
- Options have been extensively refactored, please refer to the cvc5 documentation for further information.
- Removed support for the CVC language.
- SyGuS: Removed support for SyGuS-IF 1.0.
- Removed support for the (non-standard)
definecommand. - Removed the legacy API along with the Java and Python bindings for it.
- Interactive shell: the GPL-licensed Readline library has been replaced the
BSD-licensed Editline. Compiling with
--bestnow enables Editline, instead of Readline. Without selecting optional GPL components, Editline-enabled CVC4 builds will be BSD licensed. - The
competitionbuild type includes the dependencies used for SMT-COMP by default. Note that this makes this build type produce GPL-licensed binaries. - Bit-vector operator
bvxnorwas previously mistakenly marked as left-assoicative in SMT-LIB. This has recently been corrected in SMT-LIB. We now restrictbvxnorto only allow two operands in order to avoid confusion about the semantics, since the behavior of n-ary operands tobvxnoris now undefined in SMT-LIB. - SMT-LIB output for
get-modelcommand now conforms with the standard, and does not begin with the keywordmodel. The output is the same as before, only with this word removed from the beginning. - Building with Python 2 is now deprecated.
- The SMT-LIB syntax for some extensions has been changed. Notably, set
operators are now prefixed by
set., and relations byrel.. For example,unionis now writtenset.union. - Removed support for redundant logics
ALL_SUPPORTEDandQF_ALL_SUPPORTED, useALLandQF_ALLinstead.