Roadmap algorithm

[rprebet]

This PR brings functions to compute a roadmap for a smooth and bounded real algebraic set, together with query points.
This comes with a new optimized data structure for roadmaps and associated functions.
Substantial additional documentation is also included.

[mohabsafey]

Many thanks for all of this. As far as I understand, the roadmap function fails when a change of variables is needed which might be restrictive. Do you confirm?

[rprebet]

Do you suggest performing a random change of variables as soon/long as the roadmap function fails?
I'm ok with that.

[mohabsafey]

Sorry for the late reply. All apologies. Yes, I think that the change of variables should be done automatically. Also, note that this is needed only to ensure dimension properties. Hence, we could have these changes of variables chosen deterministically so that the function returns always the same roadmap for a given input (the output should not depend on the execution). This is how I do in raglib (you can have a look or I can show you).

[mohabsafey]

@rprebet do we plan to have deterministic linear changes of variables later (and then we could merge this PR) or have you already started this one?

[codecov-commenter]

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Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 0% with 146 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 76.26%. Comparing base (29d66ba) to head (5e96453).
⚠️ Report is 40 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/connectivity/roadmap.jl	0.00%	91 Missing ⚠️
src/connectivity/polar.jl	0.00%	32 Missing ⚠️
src/types.jl	0.00%	23 Missing ⚠️
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Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #125      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   82.70%   76.26%   -6.44%     
==========================================
  Files          33       44      +11     
  Lines        3544     4660    +1116     
==========================================
+ Hits         2931     3554     +623     
- Misses        613     1106     +493     

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