When devices are not connected to any network, they listen for Beacon or Probe Response frames, the latter one being triggered by a Probe Request. If we intercept a Probe Request, we know that a particular client is probably not connected to any AP and thus is a "lone device". This information helps us build an image of the air landscape.
When devices are not connected to any network, they listen for
BeaconorProbe Responseframes, the latter one being triggered by aProbe Request. If we intercept aProbe Request, we know that a particular client is probably not connected to any AP and thus is a "lone device". This information helps us build an image of the air landscape.