From ba342f0e99825d8fe398db7c8c6ac9c7370d62f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: vchamarthi <venkata.sai.gireesh.chamarthi@intel.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2026 10:37:40 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] enable free threading support

---
 .github/workflows/build-with-clang.yml        |  4 +-
 .../workflows/build-with-standard-clang.yml   |  4 +-
 .github/workflows/build_pip.yml               | 19 +++-
 .github/workflows/conda-package-cf.yml        | 82 ++++++++++++----
 .github/workflows/conda-package.yml           | 86 ++++++++++++-----
 AGENTS.md                                     |  6 +-
 CHANGELOG.md                                  |  5 +
 README.md                                     |  2 +-
 conda-recipe-cf/meta.yaml                     |  4 +-
 conda-recipe/meta.yaml                        |  4 +-
 mkl_umath/src/_patch_numpy.pyx                |  1 +
 mkl_umath/src/ufuncsmodule.c                  |  4 +
 mkl_umath/tests/test_freethreading.py         | 96 +++++++++++++++++++
 pyproject.toml                                |  2 +-
 14 files changed, 259 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 mkl_umath/tests/test_freethreading.py

diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-with-clang.yml b/.github/workflows/build-with-clang.yml
index 658e5283..d42b52bf 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-with-clang.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-with-clang.yml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.14t"]
         numpy_version: ["'numpy>=2'"]
 
     env:
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install mkl_umath dependencies
         run: |
-          pip install meson-python ninja cython cmake
+          pip install meson-python ninja "cython>=3.1.0" cmake
           pip install ${{ matrix.numpy_version }}
 
       - name: List oneAPI folder content
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-with-standard-clang.yml b/.github/workflows/build-with-standard-clang.yml
index cb9ceb4b..0c97e73b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-with-standard-clang.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-with-standard-clang.yml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.14t"]
         numpy_version: ["'numpy>=2'"]
 
     env:
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install mkl_umath dependencies
         run: |
-          pip install meson-python ninja cmake cython mkl-devel
+          pip install meson-python ninja cmake "cython>=3.1.0" mkl-devel
           pip install ${{ matrix.numpy_version }}
 
       - name: Build mkl_umath
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_pip.yml b/.github/workflows/build_pip.yml
index f4555de1..36699dcf 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build_pip.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_pip.yml
@@ -17,8 +17,21 @@ jobs:
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', '3.14']
+        python: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13']
         use_pre: ["", "--pre"]
+        include:
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            use_pre: ""
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            use_pre: "--pre"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            use_pre: ""
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            use_pre: "--pre"
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repo
@@ -37,13 +50,13 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install Compiler and MKL
         run: |
-          conda install mkl-devel dpcpp_linux-64
+          conda install mkl-devel dpcpp_linux-64 "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}"
           python -c "import sys; print(sys.executable)"
           which python
 
       - name: Build with pip
         run: |
-          pip install --no-cache-dir meson-python ninja cmake cython
+          pip install --no-cache-dir meson-python ninja cmake "cython>=3.1.0"
           pip install --no-cache-dir numpy ${{ matrix.use_pre }}
           CC=icx pip install -e . --no-build-isolation --no-deps --verbose
           pip install --no-cache-dir pytest
diff --git a/.github/workflows/conda-package-cf.yml b/.github/workflows/conda-package-cf.yml
index 55462bc6..51fecfeb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/conda-package-cf.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/conda-package-cf.yml
@@ -32,6 +32,14 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
     steps:
       - name: Cancel Previous Runs
         uses: styfle/cancel-workflow-action@d07a454dad7609a92316b57b23c9ccfd4f59af66 # 0.13.1
@@ -52,9 +60,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: ~/.conda/pkgs
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Add conda to system path
@@ -78,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build conda package
         run: |
           CHANNELS=(-c "conda-forge" --override-channels)
-          VERSIONS=(--python "${{ matrix.python }}" --numpy "${{ matrix.numpy }}")
+          VERSIONS=(--python "${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" --numpy "${{ matrix.numpy }}")
           TEST=(--no-test)
           echo "CONDA_BLD=${CONDA}/conda-bld/linux-64" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
 
@@ -91,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Upload artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
           path: ${{ env.CONDA_BLD }}/${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}-*.conda
 
   test_linux:
@@ -100,10 +108,23 @@ jobs:
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
         numpy: ['numpy">=2"']
         experimental: [false]
         runner: [ubuntu-latest]
+        include:
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+            numpy: 'numpy">=2"'
+            experimental: false
+            runner: ubuntu-latest
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
+            numpy: 'numpy">=2"'
+            experimental: false
+            runner: ubuntu-latest
     continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.experimental }}
     env:
       CHANNELS: -c conda-forge --override-channels
@@ -112,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Download artifact
         uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
       - name: Update conda
         run: |
           conda update -n base --all
@@ -142,7 +163,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           CHANNELS=(-c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c "conda-forge" --override-channels)
           PACKAGE_VERSION="$(python -c "${VER_SCRIPT1} ${VER_SCRIPT2}")"
-          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" "python=${{ matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} "${CHANNELS[@]}" --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
+          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} "${CHANNELS[@]}" --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
       - name: Display lockfile
         run: cat lockfile
 
@@ -157,16 +178,16 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: ~/.conda/pkgs
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Install mkl_umath
         run: |
           CHANNELS=(-c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c "conda-forge" --override-channels)
           PACKAGE_VERSION="$(python -c "${VER_SCRIPT1} ${VER_SCRIPT2}")"
-          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "python=${{ matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} "$PACKAGE_NAME=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" pytest "${CHANNELS[@]}"
+          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} "$PACKAGE_NAME=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" pytest "${CHANNELS[@]}"
           # Test installed packages
           conda list -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}"
 
@@ -198,6 +219,14 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
     env:
       conda-bld: C:\Miniconda\conda-bld\win-64\
     steps:
@@ -225,9 +254,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: /home/runner/conda_pkgs_dir
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Store conda paths as envs
@@ -244,12 +273,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build conda package
         run: |
           conda activate
-          conda build --no-test --python ${{ matrix.python }} --numpy ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c conda-forge --override-channels conda-recipe-cf
+          conda build --no-test --python "${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" --numpy ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c conda-forge --override-channels conda-recipe-cf
 
       - name: Upload artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
           path: ${{ env.CONDA_BLD }}${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}-*.conda
 
   test_windows:
@@ -260,10 +289,23 @@ jobs:
         shell: cmd /C CALL {0}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
         numpy: ['numpy">=2"']
         experimental: [false]
         runner: [windows-latest]
+        include:
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+            numpy: 'numpy">=2"'
+            experimental: false
+            runner: windows-latest
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
+            numpy: 'numpy">=2"'
+            experimental: false
+            runner: windows-latest
     continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.experimental }}
     env:
       workdir: '${{ github.workspace }}'
@@ -273,7 +315,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Download artifact
         uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
 
       - uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@8ee1f361103df19b6f8c8655fd3967a8ecb162d5 # v4.0.1
         with:
@@ -339,7 +381,7 @@ jobs:
           FOR /F "tokens=* USEBACKQ" %%F IN (`python -c "%SCRIPT%"`) DO (
              SET PACKAGE_VERSION=%%F
           )
-          conda install -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% python=${{ matrix.python }} ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.workdir }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }} --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
+          conda install -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.workdir }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }} --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
 
       - name: Display lockfile content
         shell: pwsh
@@ -352,9 +394,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: /home/runner/conda_pkgs_dir
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Install mkl_umath
@@ -369,7 +411,7 @@ jobs:
              SET PACKAGE_VERSION=%%F
           )
           SET "TEST_DEPENDENCIES=pytest pytest-cov"
-          conda install -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% %TEST_DEPENDENCIES% python=${{ matrix.python }} ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.workdir }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }}
+          conda install -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% %TEST_DEPENDENCIES% "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.workdir }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }}
 
       - name: Report content of test environment
         shell: cmd /C CALL {0}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/conda-package.yml b/.github/workflows/conda-package.yml
index c0add3a8..fb592088 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/conda-package.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/conda-package.yml
@@ -32,6 +32,14 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
     steps:
       - name: Cancel Previous Runs
         uses: styfle/cancel-workflow-action@d07a454dad7609a92316b57b23c9ccfd4f59af66 # 0.13.1
@@ -52,9 +60,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: ~/.conda/pkgs
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Add conda to system path
@@ -83,7 +91,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build conda package
         run: |
           CHANNELS=(-c "https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda" -c "conda-forge" --override-channels)
-          VERSIONS=(--python "${{ matrix.python }}" --numpy "${{ matrix.numpy }}")
+          VERSIONS=(--python "${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" --numpy "${{ matrix.numpy }}")
           TEST=(--no-test)
 
           conda build \
@@ -95,13 +103,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Upload artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
           path: ${{ env.CONDA_BLD }}/${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}-*.conda
 
       - name: Upload wheels artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Wheels Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Wheels Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
           path: ${{ env.WHEELS_OUTPUT_FOLDER }}${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}-*.whl
 
   test_linux:
@@ -110,10 +118,23 @@ jobs:
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
         numpy: ['numpy">=2"']
         experimental: [false]
         runner: [ubuntu-latest]
+        include:
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+            numpy: 'numpy">=2"'
+            experimental: false
+            runner: ubuntu-latest
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
+            numpy: 'numpy">=2"'
+            experimental: false
+            runner: ubuntu-latest
     continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.experimental }}
     env:
       CHANNELS: -c https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda -c conda-forge --override-channels
@@ -122,7 +143,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Download artifact
         uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
       - name: Update conda
         run: |
           conda update -n base --all
@@ -152,7 +173,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           CHANNELS=(-c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c "https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda" -c "conda-forge" --override-channels)
           PACKAGE_VERSION="$(python -c "${VER_SCRIPT1} ${VER_SCRIPT2}")"
-          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" "python=${{ matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} "${CHANNELS[@]}" --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
+          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "${PACKAGE_NAME}=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} "${CHANNELS[@]}" --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
       - name: Display lockfile
         run: cat lockfile
 
@@ -167,16 +188,16 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: ~/.conda/pkgs
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Install mkl_umath
         run: |
           CHANNELS=(-c "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/channel" -c "https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda" -c "conda-forge" --override-channels)
           PACKAGE_VERSION="$(python -c "${VER_SCRIPT1} ${VER_SCRIPT2}")"
-          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "python=${{ matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} "$PACKAGE_NAME=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" pytest "${CHANNELS[@]}"
+          conda create -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}" "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} "$PACKAGE_NAME=${PACKAGE_VERSION}" pytest "${CHANNELS[@]}"
           # Test installed packages
           conda list -n "${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }}"
 
@@ -208,6 +229,14 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+          - python: "3.14"
+            numpy: "2.3"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
     env:
       conda-bld: C:\Miniconda\conda-bld\win-64\
     steps:
@@ -235,9 +264,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: /home/runner/conda_pkgs_dir
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('**/meta.yaml') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
       - name: Store conda paths as envs
@@ -255,18 +284,18 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build conda package
         run: |
           conda activate
-          conda build --no-test --python ${{ matrix.python }} --numpy ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda -c conda-forge --override-channels conda-recipe
+          conda build --no-test --python "${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" --numpy ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda -c conda-forge --override-channels conda-recipe
 
       - name: Upload artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
           path: ${{ env.CONDA_BLD }}${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}-*.conda
 
       - name: Upload wheels artifact
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Wheels Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Wheels Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
           path: ${{ env.WHEELS_OUTPUT_FOLDER }}${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}-*.whl
 
   test_windows:
@@ -277,10 +306,23 @@ jobs:
         shell: cmd /C CALL {0}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
         numpy: ['numpy">=2"']
         experimental: [false]
         runner: [windows-latest]
+        include:
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
+            python_tag: "3.14"
+            numpy: 'numpy">=2"'
+            experimental: false
+            runner: windows-latest
+          - python: "3.14"
+            python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314t"
+            python_tag: "3.14t"
+            numpy: 'numpy">=2"'
+            experimental: false
+            runner: windows-latest
     continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.experimental }}
     env:
       workdir: '${{ github.workspace }}'
@@ -290,7 +332,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Download artifact
         uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python }}
+          name: ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }} ${{ runner.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}
 
       - uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@8ee1f361103df19b6f8c8655fd3967a8ecb162d5 # v4.0.1
         with:
@@ -356,7 +398,7 @@ jobs:
           FOR /F "tokens=* USEBACKQ" %%F IN (`python -c "%SCRIPT%"`) DO (
              SET PACKAGE_VERSION=%%F
           )
-          conda install -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% python=${{ matrix.python }} ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.workdir }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }} --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
+          conda install -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.workdir }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }} --only-deps --dry-run > lockfile
 
       - name: Display lockfile content
         shell: pwsh
@@ -369,9 +411,9 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: /home/runner/conda_pkgs_dir
           key:
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-${{hashFiles('lockfile') }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python }}-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-python-${{ matrix.python_tag || matrix.python }}-
             ${{ runner.os }}-conda-${{ env.CACHE_NUMBER }}-
 
         # add intel-openmp as an explicit dependency
@@ -390,7 +432,7 @@ jobs:
           SET "TEST_DEPENDENCIES=pytest pytest-cov"
           SET "WORKAROUND_DEPENDENCIES=intel-openmp"
           SET "DEPENDENCIES=%TEST_DEPENDENCIES% %WORKAROUND_DEPENDENCIES%"
-          conda install -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% %DEPENDENCIES% python=${{ matrix.python }} ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.workdir }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }}
+          conda install -n ${{ env.TEST_ENV_NAME }} ${{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}=%PACKAGE_VERSION% %DEPENDENCIES% "python=${{ matrix.python_spec || matrix.python }}" ${{ matrix.numpy }} -c ${{ env.workdir }}/channel ${{ env.CHANNELS }}
 
       - name: Report content of test environment
         shell: cmd /C CALL {0}
diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index a47d433b..01525618 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -21,18 +21,18 @@ It provides:
 **Required:**
 - Compiler toolchain: Intel `icx` or `clang` (with Intel-only flags gated when using clang)
 - Intel® oneMKL (`mkl-devel`)
-- meson-python, CMake, Ninja, Cython, NumPy
+- meson-python, CMake, Ninja, Cython>=3.1.0, NumPy
 
 **Build against an existing `mkl` installation:**
 
 Install the build dependencies via Conda:
 ```bash
 conda install -c https://software.repos.intel.com/python/conda \
-  mkl-devel dpcpp_linux-64 cython meson-python cmake ninja numpy
+  mkl-devel dpcpp_linux-64 "cython>=3.1.0" meson-python cmake ninja numpy
 ```
 or via pip:
 ```bash
-pip install mkl-devel cython meson-python cmake ninja numpy
+pip install mkl-devel "cython>=3.1.0" meson-python cmake ninja numpy
 ```
 then build:
 ```bash
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 108c47fa..00c7d5c8 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -7,11 +7,16 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 ## [dev] - YYYY-MM-DD
 
 ### Added
+* Added support for free-threaded (GIL-disabled) CPython builds: the Cython extension is compiled with `freethreading_compatible=True` and `_ufuncs` declares `Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED`, so importing `mkl_umath` no longer re-enables the GIL [gh-NNN](https://github.com/IntelPython/mkl_umath/pull/NNN)
 
 ### Changed
+* Raised the minimum build-time `Cython` requirement to `3.1.0`, the first release providing the `freethreading_compatible` directive [gh-NNN](https://github.com/IntelPython/mkl_umath/pull/NNN)
 
 ### Fixed
 
+### Removed
+* Removed the `python-gil` constraint from the conda recipes, which pinned `mkl_umath` to GIL-enabled Python 3.14 builds [gh-NNN](https://github.com/IntelPython/mkl_umath/pull/NNN)
+
 ## [0.5.0] - 2026-08-06
 
 ### Added
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 6db5fe81..9e6cafad 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ If you already have `mkl` and `numpy` installed (from your system or a conda env
 and want to reuse them instead of pulling fresh copies into an isolated build, first
 install the build dependencies:
 ```sh
-pip install meson-python ninja cmake cython numpy mkl-devel
+pip install meson-python ninja cmake "cython>=3.1.0" numpy mkl-devel
 ```
 
 then build against the existing installation with:
diff --git a/conda-recipe-cf/meta.yaml b/conda-recipe-cf/meta.yaml
index 54bc235d..311b08d3 100644
--- a/conda-recipe-cf/meta.yaml
+++ b/conda-recipe-cf/meta.yaml
@@ -26,16 +26,14 @@ requirements:
       - cmake
       - ninja
       - git
-      - cython
+      - cython >=3.1.0
       - python
-      - python-gil     # [py>=314]
       - mkl-devel
       - numpy
       - llvm-openmp
       - pip
     run:
       - python
-      - python-gil     # [py>=314]
       - {{ pin_compatible('mkl') }}
       - {{ pin_compatible('numpy') }}
       - {{ pin_compatible('intel-cmplr-lib-rt') }}
diff --git a/conda-recipe/meta.yaml b/conda-recipe/meta.yaml
index 628f49d6..44932c77 100644
--- a/conda-recipe/meta.yaml
+++ b/conda-recipe/meta.yaml
@@ -25,9 +25,8 @@ requirements:
       - cmake
       - ninja
       - git
-      - cython
+      - cython >=3.1.0
       - python
-      - python-gil     # [py>=314]
       - python-build >=1.2.2
       - mkl-devel
       - intel-openmp
@@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ requirements:
       - pip
     run:
       - python
-      - python-gil     # [py>=314]
       - {{ pin_compatible('mkl') }}
       - {{ pin_compatible('intel-openmp') }}
       - {{ pin_compatible('intel-cmplr-lib-rt') }}
diff --git a/mkl_umath/src/_patch_numpy.pyx b/mkl_umath/src/_patch_numpy.pyx
index 4338bf2d..fb114dd3 100644
--- a/mkl_umath/src/_patch_numpy.pyx
+++ b/mkl_umath/src/_patch_numpy.pyx
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 # distutils: language = c
 # cython: language_level=3
+# cython: freethreading_compatible=True
 
 import warnings
 from contextlib import ContextDecorator
diff --git a/mkl_umath/src/ufuncsmodule.c b/mkl_umath/src/ufuncsmodule.c
index 50dd7790..e9ef51ee 100644
--- a/mkl_umath/src/ufuncsmodule.c
+++ b/mkl_umath/src/ufuncsmodule.c
@@ -59,5 +59,9 @@ PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit__ufuncs(void)
         return NULL;
     }
 
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyUnstable_Module_SetGIL(m, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
+
     return m;
 }
diff --git a/mkl_umath/tests/test_freethreading.py b/mkl_umath/tests/test_freethreading.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8967f69a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mkl_umath/tests/test_freethreading.py
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, Intel Corporation
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+#       this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+#       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+#       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its contributors
+#       may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+#       without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+# OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import os
+import sys
+import sysconfig
+import threading
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+# Oversubscription: MKL spawns its own thread pool per calling thread, so
+# running MKL VM calls from many Python threads concurrently can spawn
+# far more OS threads than cores. Cap it before mkl_umath/MKL initialize.
+os.environ.setdefault("MKL_NUM_THREADS", "1")
+
+import mkl_umath  # noqa: E402
+import mkl_umath._patch_numpy  # noqa: E402, F401
+import mkl_umath._ufuncs as mu  # noqa: E402
+
+FREE_THREADED = bool(sysconfig.get_config_var("Py_GIL_DISABLED"))
+
+
+def test_concurrent_ufunc_execution():
+    n_threads = 4
+    size = 10**5 + 1  # exceed the MKL threshold to exercise the MKL path
+
+    arrays = [np.random.uniform(-10, 10, size) for _ in range(n_threads)]
+    results = [None] * n_threads
+    errors = []
+
+    def worker(i):
+        try:
+            results[i] = mu.sin(arrays[i])
+        except Exception as exc:
+            errors.append(exc)
+
+    threads = [
+        threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(i,)) for i in range(n_threads)
+    ]
+    for t in threads:
+        t.start()
+    for t in threads:
+        t.join()
+
+    assert not errors
+
+    for i in range(n_threads):
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(results[i], np.sin(arrays[i]))
+
+
+def test_concurrent_patch_restore():
+    n_threads = 8
+    n_iters = 20
+
+    def worker():
+        for _ in range(n_iters):
+            mkl_umath.patch_numpy_umath()
+            mkl_umath.restore_numpy_umath()
+
+    threads = [threading.Thread(target=worker) for _ in range(n_threads)]
+    for t in threads:
+        t.start()
+    for t in threads:
+        t.join()
+
+    assert not mkl_umath.is_patched()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not FREE_THREADED, reason="requires a free-threaded CPython build"
+)
+def test_gil_not_reenabled_on_import():
+    assert not sys._is_gil_enabled()  # pylint: disable=no-member
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 96251f41..bb5f6c8c 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ build-backend = "mesonpy"
 requires = [
   "meson-python>=0.16.0",
   "ninja",
-  "Cython",
+  "Cython>=3.1.0",
   "numpy",
   "mkl-devel",
   "cmake"

From 6558aa5ae419a3cd47b3820daadfe59355d1aabb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: vchamarthi <venkata.sai.gireesh.chamarthi@intel.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2026 11:45:55 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] update changelog, remove duplicate ci matrix entry

---
 .github/workflows/conda-package-cf.yml | 4 ----
 .github/workflows/conda-package.yml    | 4 ----
 CHANGELOG.md                           | 6 +++---
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/conda-package-cf.yml b/.github/workflows/conda-package-cf.yml
index 51fecfeb..0bf2d194 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/conda-package-cf.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/conda-package-cf.yml
@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.13"
             numpy: "2.3"
-          - python: "3.14"
-            numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
             python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
@@ -217,8 +215,6 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.13"
             numpy: "2.3"
-          - python: "3.14"
-            numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
             python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/conda-package.yml b/.github/workflows/conda-package.yml
index fb592088..5348040c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/conda-package.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/conda-package.yml
@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.13"
             numpy: "2.3"
-          - python: "3.14"
-            numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
             python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
@@ -227,8 +225,6 @@ jobs:
             numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.13"
             numpy: "2.3"
-          - python: "3.14"
-            numpy: "2.3"
           - python: "3.14"
             numpy: "2.3"
             python_spec: "3.14.* *_cp314"
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 00c7d5c8..34bc4c97 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 ## [dev] - YYYY-MM-DD
 
 ### Added
-* Added support for free-threaded (GIL-disabled) CPython builds: the Cython extension is compiled with `freethreading_compatible=True` and `_ufuncs` declares `Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED`, so importing `mkl_umath` no longer re-enables the GIL [gh-NNN](https://github.com/IntelPython/mkl_umath/pull/NNN)
+* Added support for free-threaded (GIL-disabled) CPython builds: the Cython extension is compiled with `freethreading_compatible=True` and `_ufuncs` declares `Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED`, so importing `mkl_umath` no longer re-enables the GIL [gh-255](https://github.com/IntelPython/mkl_umath/pull/255)
 
 ### Changed
-* Raised the minimum build-time `Cython` requirement to `3.1.0`, the first release providing the `freethreading_compatible` directive [gh-NNN](https://github.com/IntelPython/mkl_umath/pull/NNN)
+* Raised the minimum build-time `Cython` requirement to `3.1.0`, the first release providing the `freethreading_compatible` directive [gh-255](https://github.com/IntelPython/mkl_umath/pull/255)
 
 ### Fixed
 
 ### Removed
-* Removed the `python-gil` constraint from the conda recipes, which pinned `mkl_umath` to GIL-enabled Python 3.14 builds [gh-NNN](https://github.com/IntelPython/mkl_umath/pull/NNN)
+* Removed the `python-gil` constraint from the conda recipes, which pinned `mkl_umath` to GIL-enabled Python 3.14 builds [gh-255](https://github.com/IntelPython/mkl_umath/pull/255)
 
 ## [0.5.0] - 2026-08-06
 

From 7707a9d1a96dadda6ed548f25d97ce532835ecc6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: vchamarthi <venkata.sai.gireesh.chamarthi@intel.com>
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 2026 10:43:36 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] chore: retrigger CI


From 2cf44d6174307928bf2e916306a441a62ae8c168 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: vchamarthi <venkata.sai.gireesh.chamarthi@intel.com>
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 2026 11:10:04 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] update python free threading classifiers

---
 pyproject.toml | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index bb5f6c8c..a5c760d6 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ classifiers = [
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
+  "Programming Language :: Python :: Free Threading :: 2 - Beta",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
   "Topic :: Software Development",
   "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering",